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diff --git a/jstests/core/apply_ops_invalid_index_spec.js b/jstests/core/apply_ops_invalid_index_spec.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2ca88081fa7
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+++ b/jstests/core/apply_ops_invalid_index_spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/**
+ * Tests how applyOps handles index specs with unknown fields.
+ *
+ * We subject index specs with version 2 or later to stricter validation than version 1 index specs.
+ * When given an index spec with an unrecognized field, applyOps will reject v:2 indexes with an
+ * InvalidIndexSpecificationOption error while v:1 indexes are accepted as-is.
+ *
+ * @tags: [
+ *     requires_non_retryable_commands,
+ *     requires_fastcount,
+ *
+ *     # applyOps uses the oplog which requires replication support.
+ *     requires_replication,
+ * ]
+ */
+
+(function() {
+    'use strict';
+
+    const t = db.apply_ops_invalid_index_spec;
+    t.drop();
+
+    const collNs = t.getFullName();
+    const cmdNs = db.getName() + '.$cmd';
+    const systemIndexesNs = db.getCollection('system.indexes').getFullName();
+
+    assert.commandWorked(db.createCollection(t.getName()));
+    assert.writeOK(t.save({_id: 100, a: 100}));
+
+    // Tests that db.collection.createIndex() fails when given an index spec containing an unknown
+    // field.
+    assert.commandFailedWithCode(t.createIndex({a: 1}, {v: 2, name: 'a_1_base_v2', unknown: 1}),
+                                 ErrorCodes.InvalidIndexSpecificationOption);
+    assert.commandFailedWithCode(t.createIndex({a: 1}, {v: 1, name: 'a_1_base_v1', unknown: 1}),
+                                 ErrorCodes.InvalidIndexSpecificationOption);
+
+    // Inserting a v:2 index directly into system.indexes with an unknown field in the index
+    // spec should return an error.
+    assert.commandFailedWithCode(db.adminCommand({
+        applyOps: [{
+            op: 'i',
+            ns: systemIndexesNs,
+            o: {v: 2, key: {a: 1}, name: 'a_1_system_v2', ns: collNs, unknown: 1},
+        }],
+    }),
+                                 ErrorCodes.InvalidIndexSpecificationOption);
+
+    // Inserting a v:1 index directly into system.indexes with an unknown field in the index spec
+    // should ignore the unrecognized field and create the index.
+    assert.commandWorked(db.adminCommand({
+        applyOps: [{
+            op: 'i',
+            ns: systemIndexesNs,
+            o: {v: 1, key: {a: 1}, name: 'a_1_system_v1', ns: collNs, unknown: 1},
+        }],
+    }));
+
+    //
+    // Background indexes should be subject to the same level of validation as foreground indexes.
+    //
+
+    // Inserting a background index directly into system.indexes with a bad index key pattern should
+    // return an error.
+    assert.commandFailedWithCode(db.adminCommand({
+        applyOps: [{
+            op: 'i',
+            ns: systemIndexesNs,
+            o: {key: {b: 'sideways'}, name: 'b_1_bg_system_v2', ns: collNs, background: true},
+        }],
+    }),
+                                 ErrorCodes.CannotCreateIndex);
+
+    // Inserting a v:2 background index directly into system.indexes with an unknown field in the
+    // index spec should return an error.
+    assert.commandFailedWithCode(db.adminCommand({
+        applyOps: [{
+            op: 'i',
+            ns: systemIndexesNs,
+            o: {
+                v: 2,
+                key: {b: 1},
+                name: 'b_1_bg_system_v2',
+                ns: collNs,
+                background: true,
+                unknown: true,
+            },
+        }],
+    }),
+                                 ErrorCodes.InvalidIndexSpecificationOption);
+
+    // Inserting a background v:1 index directly into system.indexes with an unknown field in the
+    // index spec should work.
+    assert.commandWorked(db.adminCommand({
+        applyOps: [{
+            op: 'i',
+            ns: systemIndexesNs,
+            o: {
+                v: 1,
+                key: {b: 1},
+                name: 'b_1_bg_system_v1',
+                ns: collNs,
+                background: true,
+                unknown: true,
+            },
+        }],
+    }));
+})();